About Gorakhpur Mahotsav |
Red fort delhi
The Red Fort (Hindi: लाल क़िला, Urdu: لال قلعہ) is a historic fort in the city of Delhi in India. It was the main residence of the emperors of the Mughal dynasty for nearly 200 years, until 1857. It is located in the center of Delhi and houses a number of museums. In addition to accommodating the emperors and their households, it was the ceremonial and political center of the Mughal state and the setting for events critically impacting the region
Iron pillar of Delhi/vishal
Iron pillar of Delhi
The iron pillar of Delhi is a 7 m (23 ft) column in the Qutb complex at Mehrauli in Delhi, India. It is notable for the rust-resistant composition of the metals used in its construction.
The pillar has attracted the attention of archaeologists and materials scientists because of its high resistance to corrosion and has been called a “testimony to the high level of skill achieved by the ancient Indian iron smiths in the extraction and processing of iron.”[1][2] The corrosion resistance results from an even layer of crystalline iron hydrogen phosphate hydrate forming on the high-phosphorus-content iron, which serves to protect it from the effects of the Delhi climate.[1]
The pillar weighs over 6,000 kg (13,000 lb) and is thought to have originally been erected in what is now Udayagiri by one of the Guptamonarchs in approximately 402 CE, though the precise date and location are a matter of dispute
Scientific analysis
Details of the top of iron pillar, Qutub Minar, Delhi.
The pillar was manufactured by the forge welding of pieces of wrought iron. In a report published in the journal Current Science, R. Balasubramaniam of the IIT Kanpur explains how the pillar’s resistance to corrosion is due to a passive protective film at the iron-rust interface. The presence of second-phase particles (slag and unreduced iron oxides) in the microstructure of the iron, that of high amounts of phosphorusin the metal, and the alternate wetting and drying existing under atmospheric conditions are the three main factors in the three-stage formation of that protective passive film.[31]
Lepidocrocite and goethite are the first amorphous iron oxyhydroxides that appear upon oxidation of iron. High corrosion rates are initially observed. Then, an essential chemical reaction intervenes: slag and unreduced iron oxides (second phase particles) in the iron microstructure alter the polarisation characteristics and enrich the metal–scale interface with phosphorus, thus indirectly promoting passivation of the iron[32](cessation of rusting activity). The second-phase particles act as a cathode, and the metal itself serves as anode, for a mini-galvanic corrosion reaction during environment exposure. Part of the initial iron oxyhydroxides is also transformed into magnetite, which somewhat slows down the process of corrosion. The ongoing reduction of lepidocrocite and the diffusion of oxygen and complementary corrosion through the cracks and pores in the rust still contribute to the corrosion mechanism from atmospheric conditions
QUTB MINAR
DELHI VISIT
The bad habit
It is all about the time when I was just around ten years old. I should have been in class fourth. Just like other convent schoolers, I too was allergic of studying at School. So, whenever, did the bus came… I used to hide from the bus driver’s focus. Often I took shelters of shops or … else, walked away from the place.
After the complete skipping of omnibus, I was filled of joy. I used to wander around and in market and, then after a while take the path to home. So, almost no more studying on that day. What a kid I was!! My parent used to scold me every day.. but it had become a routine. There remains not even a single day, while I got beaten for leaving the school. As I was a tough boy, I had to learn how to handle my bad. So, instead of instantly walking home after school bunk, I started to wander like devil all the day until the bus returned from the convent school. My lunch-box was the savior for me… which helped me survive every day I did the crime. This process took around one year and ended after I became a little good in nature.and currently i am a postgraduate in major in organic chemistry………….
Wish I hadn’t done that.
Vishal.
How to play chess?
My friend Gaurav and Shatrudhan are playing chess but I am not interested playing chess because ,not know how to playing chess?
But my point of view chess is brain twister game.
Some people are saying that you can not blog if you have weak English.
Are They True ?
Well Said.
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